这几天我在学习ubuntu server的配置,今天在网上看见篇新的 server 7.10 的配置就粘贴出来与大家分享下。
Ubuntu 7.10 server从无到有搭建全能WEB生产环境(一)
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http://www.dingl.com/blog/archives/12
作者:丁令
由于工作原因,需要搭建linux环境。
选择Ubuntu7.10 server的原因是比较干净,生产服务器上不要搞那么多乱七八糟的东西。
Ubuntu7.10 server是一个非常干净的系统,连图形界面都没有,于是鼠标用不上了。
安装Ubuntu非常简单,不再多述。注意几点:
1、安装之前先插上网线
2、除了OpenSSH,不装其它任何的服务器软件,Apache/Mysql/PHP都不装,后面使用源码自己编译安装
Ubuntu安装后的配置:
1、启用root用户
sudo passwd root
输入密码后:
su
即可用root用户完成后面的配置与维护。
2、配置网络
如果在安装时没有配置好网络环境,可手工配置:
vi /etc/network/interfaces
根据环境正确配置即可。重启网络:
/etc/init.d/networking restart
3、配置apt-get的更新位置
如果想使用最新版本的各种包,此步必须。
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
编辑文件,主要是禁止从cdrom安装软件,而从网上下载最新的版本。
#
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 7.10 _Gutsy Gibbon_ - Release i386 (20071016)]/ gutsy main restricted
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 7.10 _Gutsy Gibbon_ - Release i386 (20071016)]/ gutsy main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the ‘backports’
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical’s
## ‘partner’ repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
## users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse
4、更新Ubuntu:
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
此步需要花费大概30分钟,如果出现网络错误可重新执行或加上–fix-missing参数重新执行。
5、安装各种软件包
可一次安装N个:
apt-get install binutils cpp fetchmail flex gcc libarchive-zip-perl libc6-dev libcompress-zlib-perl libdb4.3-dev libpcre3 libpopt-dev lynx m4 make ncftp nmap perl perl-modules unzip zip zlib1g-dev autoconf automake1.9 libtool bison autotools-dev g++ build-essential
上面的命令要放在一行执行。这些包基本都是后面需要使用的或者平时也经常可以用到的,可根据自己需要选择。
6、安装libncurses5-dev
很多朋友在使用源码安装软件时在make时出现错误,就是因为没有安装这个包:
checking for termcap functions library… configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
解决办法:
apt-get install libncurses5-dev
7、增加ll别名
以前用fedora core时都有ll命令,Ubuntu下没有,很不习惯,只好自己设置:
vi ~/.bashrc
此文件中其实已经有别名的配置,只是已经注释掉了,去掉注释即可,同时为vi设置别名为vim。
alias ll=’ls -l’
alias la=’ls -A’
alias l=’ls -CF’
alias vi=’vim’
Ubuntu 7.10 server从无到有搭建全能WEB生产环境(二)
正式开始安装软件,这部分主要是mysql/apache的安装。
一、安装mysql
mysql使用utf-8作为默认编码:
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.45
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/mysql –with-charset=utf8 –with-collation=utf8_general_ci –with-extra-charsets=latin1
make
make install
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cd /usr/local/mysql
bin/mysql_install_db –user=mysql
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql var
chgrp -R mysql .
bin/mysqld_safe –user=mysql &
将mysql加入PATH:
vi /etc/profile
增加:
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:”${PATH}”
让mysql随系统一起启动
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
cd /etc/init.d
update-rc.d mysqld defaults
重启服务器,验证mysql是否能随系统正常启动,启动后:
mysql
如果能直接进入则说明启动成功。
为了安全,修改root密码:
mysql>use mysql
mysql>UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD(’new_password’) WHERE user=’root’;
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql>exit
二、安装apache
1、安装apache前,先安装openssl,因为后面要配置apache支持https协议:
tar -zxvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
cd openssl-0.9.8e
./config –prefix=/usr/local/ssl
make
make test
make install
2、安装apache,configure参数可根据需要调整。
tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.6.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.6
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apache –enable-modules=all –enable-rewrite –enable-forward –enable-ssl –with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl –enable-mods-shared=all –enable-deflate –enable-proxy –enable-proxy-balancer –enable-proxy-http
make
make install
修改conf/httpd.conf的ServerName:
ServerName 127.0.0.1:80
测试apache是否正常
让apache随系统一起启动
cp /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
cd /etc/init.d
update-rc.d httpd defaults
Ubuntu 7.10 server从无到有搭建全能WEB生产环境(三)
三、安装PHP
先安装php需要的一些包。
1、安装libxml2:
apt-get install libxml2 libxml2-dev
tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.3
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/zlib
make
make install
2、安装jpeg:
tar -zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/bin
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/lib
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/include
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/man
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/man/man1
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/jpeg –enable-shared –enable-static
make
make install
3、安装libpng:
tar -zxvf libpng-1.2.16.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.2.16
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libpng
make
make install
4、安装freetype:
tar -zxvf freetype-2.3.3.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.3.3
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/freetype
make
make install
5、安装gd:
tar -zxvf gd-2.0.33.tar.gz
cd gd-2.0.33
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/gd –with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg –with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype –with-png –with-zlib
make
make install
6、安装curl:
tar -zxvf curl-7.16.1.tar.gz
cd curl-7.16.1
mkdir -p /usr/local/curl
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/curl –with-ssl
make
make install
7、安装libiconv:
tar -zxvf libiconv-1.11.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.11
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/iconv
make
make install
8、正式安装PHP:
参数比较多,可根据需要安装,一般情况下这些已经够了。
tar -zxvf php-5.2.5.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.5
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/apache/conf –enable-magic-quotes –with-openssl=/usr/local/ssl –with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib –with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib –with-curl=/usr/local/curl –enable-ftp –with-openssl-dir=/usr/local/ssl –with-gd=/usr/local/gd –with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg –with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng –with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype –enable-gd-native-ttf –enable-mbstring –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –enable-soap –enable-sockets –enable-zip –with-iconv –enable-zend-multibyte –with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock –enable-sqlite-utf8
make
make test
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/apache/conf/php.ini
9、安装ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a
tar -zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-linux-glibc21-i386
./install.sh
安装过程中指定ZendOptimizer的安装目录及php.ini所在的路径即可
10、让apache支持PHP:
vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
在最后加上:
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
将
修改DocumentRoot为”/home/dingl/php-web/test”
在此目录下新建index.php文件,内容如下:
打开http://192.168.1.xx/index.php即可看到php的信息,说明php安装成功
重启服务器即可看到Apache与Resin同时启动了,使用http://www.dingl.com/即可正常访问!
Ubuntu 7.10 server从无到有搭建全能WEB生产环境(四)
四、JAVA环境的安装
JSP容器我推荐使用Resin,一是作为生产环境Resin比Tomcat更加优秀,二是我对Resin比较熟,使用已经有6年之久。
当然,也可以同时安装Resin和Tomcat与Apache一起使用。此次安装同时也安装了Tomcat,不过没有与Apache结合,直接使用非80端口提供服务。鉴于Tomcat安装更加简单,此系列文章不包含Tomcat的安装。
1、安装jdk
chmod 755 jdk-1_5_0_11-linux-i586.bin
./jdk-1_5_0_11-linux-i586.bin
cp -r jdk1.5.0_11 /usr/local/java
2、修改环境变量:
vi /etc/profile
在最后加上:
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
export JAVA_HOME
PATH=”${JAVA_HOME}”/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:”${PATH}”
export PATH
3、安装resin:
tar -zxvf resin-pro-3.1.3.tar.gz
cd resin-pro-3.1.3
./configure –with-apache=/usr/local/apache
make
make install
cp -r /home/dingl/soft/resin-pro-3.1.3 /usr/local/resin
cd /usr/local/resin
4、修改环境变量:
vi /etc/profile
JRE_HOME=”${JAVA_HOME}”/jre
export JRE_HOME
CLASSPATH=.:”${JAVA_HOME}”/lib/tools.jar:”${JAVA_HOME}”/lib/dt.jar
export CLASSPATH
RESIN_HOME=/usr/local/resin
export RESIN_HOME
CLASSPATH=”${RESIN_HOME}”/lib/resin.jar:”${CLASSPATH}
export CLASSPATH
PATH=”${JAVA_HOME}”/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:”${PATH}”
export PATH
5、配置resin启动环境:
退出重新用root登陆ssh
vi /usr/local/resin/bin/httpd.sh
修改
exec $java -jar ${RESIN_HOME}/resin.jar $*
为
exec $java -jar ${RESIN_HOME}/lib/resin.jar $*
并在此行上面加:
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
export JAVA_HOME
RESIN_HOME=/usr/local/resin
export RESIN_HOME
PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
export PATH
6、测试resin:
/usr/local/resin/bin/httpd.sh
如果能正常打开http://www.dingl.com:8080/ 则说明resin安装成功
vi /usr/local/resin/conf/resin.conf
修改
为
在/home/dingl/jsp-web/test/下新建一个index.jsp文件,内容如下:
2+2=<%=2+2%>
7、结合Apache和Resin:
vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
将DocumentRoot “/home/dingl/php-web/test”修改为DocumentRoot “/home/dingl/jsp-web/test”
再加上以下一段:
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
增加welcome文件列表,修改
DirectoryIndex index.html
为
DirectoryIndex index.html index.jsp index.php index.htm
重启resin及apache(注意一个重启顺序,先Resin再Apache):
/usr/local/resin/bin/httpd.sh restart
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k restart
分别访问:
http://www.dingl.com:8080/index.jsp
http://www.dingl.com/index.jsp
浏览器显示2+2=4说明apache与resin整合成功
8、让resin随系统一起启动
resin在Ubuntun下的自启动按照官方文档是不行的,但是fedora core下是可以的。具体如下:
cp /usr/local/resin/bin/httpd.sh /usr/local/resin/bin/resin-a.sh
然后测试使用resin-a.sh是否能正常启动并停止服务:
/usr/local/resin/bin/resin-a.sh start
/usr/local/resin/bin/resin-a.sh stop
如果不行,则路径配置有误。
cp /usr/local/resin/bin/resin-a.sh /etc/init.d/resin
cd /etc/init.d
update-rc.d resin defaults
重启服务器即可看到Apache与Resin同时启动了,使用http://www.dingl.com/即可正常访问!
Ubuntu 7.10 server从无到有搭建全能WEB生产环境(五)
五、安装Rails环境
Rails环境使用Mongrel架设。
1、安装ruby
tar -zxvf ruby-1.8.6.tar.gz
cd ruby-1.8.6
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/ruby
make
make install
将ruby加入PATH
vi /etc/profile
RUBY_HOME=/usr/local/ruby
PATH=”${RUBY_HOME}”/bin:”${JAVA_HOME}”/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:”${PATH}”
export PATH
退出root,重新用root登陆,验证ruby是否安装成功
ruby -v
显示版本号,说明安装成功
2、安装gem
tar -zxvf rubygems-0.9.4.tgz
cd rubygems-0.9.4
ruby setup.rb
rubygems-0.9.5好像有问题,无论gem什么包都说ssl没有安装,重新安装个rubygems-0.9.4就没问题了。
3、安装rails/mongrel/termios
apt-get install libssl-dev
gem install rake –include-dependencies
gem install rails –include-dependencies
gem install termios –include-dependencies
gem install mongrel –include-dependencies
gem install mongrel_cluster –include-dependencies
生成一个默认站点(或者将已经开发的网站上传,并配置好数据库)后,转到站点目录
mongrel_rails cluster::configure -e production -p 8000 -N 3 -c /home/dingl/rails-web/ -a 127.0.0.1
在database.yml中配置好数据库,这里是生产环境,配置production段。
如果需要使用socket方式连接mysql,增加:
socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
同时还可以指定数据传输编码:
encoding: utf8
4、启动mongrel:
mongrel_rails cluster::start
如果出现以下错误:
Cannot find gem for Rails ~>1.2.3.0:
Install the missing gem with ‘gem install -v=1.2.3 rails’
则修改config/environment.rb里rails的版本号即可
5、配置Apache与Mongrel:
修改apache的配置文件:
vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
在文件最后增加一个虚拟主机:
ServerName http://www.dingl.com/
RewriteEngine On
DocumentRoot /home/dingl/rails-web/
ProxyRequests Off
BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:8000/
BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:8001/
BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:8002/
ProxyPass balancer://mongrel_cluster/images !
ProxyPass balancer://mongrel_cluster/stylesheets !
ProxyPass balancer://mongrel_cluster/javascrits !
ProxyPass / balancer://mongrel_cluster/
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://mongrel_cluster/
ProxyPreserveHost on
重启Mongrel_cluster和Apache,然后在IE中打开http://www.dingl.com/就可以正常访问了。
注意,这里不能使用http://www.dingl.com:8000等直接访问,因为Mongrel配置为127.0.0.1,只能使用http://127.0.0.1:8000访问。
6、将mongrel设为随系统一同启动:
ln -s /home/dingl/rails-web/config/mongrel_cluster.yml /etc/mongrel_cluster/app.yml
cp /usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel_cluster-1.0.5/resources/mongrel_cluster /etc/init.d/mongrel_cluster
cd /etc/init.d
chmod +x mongrel_cluster
vi /etc/init.d/mongrel_cluster
在CONF_DIR之上加入一行:
PATH=/usr/local/ruby/bin:/usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel_cluster-1.0.5/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin
这里要写完整的路径,不要引入另外一个变量
下面的USER=mongrel一行可根据需要设置一个用来启动的用户,如果没有创建mongrel用户,可修改为USER=root
update-rc.d -f mongrel_cluster defaults
重启服务器后,能正常使用http://www.dingl.com/访问Rails应用了。
Ubuntu 7.10 server从无到有搭建全能WEB生产环境(六)
作为生产环境,经常需要使用SSL来支持https协议,这部分主要为Apache增加SSL支持。
六、配置apache支持ssl:
1、修改Apache配置文件:
vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
确保两面这行没有被注释:
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
再配置一个虚拟主机(可配置成xxx.dingl.com,根据购买的SSL证书设置):
ServerName www.dingl.com
DocumentRoot /home/dingl/jsp-web
ResinConfigServer localhost 6800
AddHandler caucho-request jsp
AddHandler caucho-request xtp
AddHandler caucho-request vm
2、修改ssl配置文件:
vi /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
dingl.com修改成如下形式:
Listen 443
AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl
SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin
SSLSessionCache “shmcb:/usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_scache(512000)”
SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300
SSLMutex “file:/usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_mutex”
##
## SSL Virtual Host Context
##
# General setup for the virtual host
DocumentRoot “/home/dingl/jsp-web”
ServerName www.dingl.com:443
ServerAdmin you@example.com
ErrorLog “/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log”
TransferLog “/usr/local/apache/logs/access_log”
# SSL Engine Switch:
# Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.
SSLEngine on
SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL
SSLCertificateFile “/usr/local/apache/conf/dingl.com.crt”
#SSLCertificateFile “/usr/local/apache/conf/server-dsa.crt”
SSLCertificateKeyFile “/usr/local/apache/conf/dingl.com.key”
#SSLCertificateKeyFile “/usr/local/apache/conf/server-dsa.key”
#SSLCertificateChainFile “/usr/local/apache/conf/server-ca.crt”
#SSLCACertificatePath “/usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt”
#SSLCACertificateFile “/usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt”
#SSLCARevocationPath “/usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crl”
#SSLCARevocationFile “/usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl”
#SSLVerifyClient require
#SSLVerifyDepth 10
ResinConfigServer 127.0.0.1 6800
AddHandler caucho-request jsp
AddHandler caucho-request xtp
AddHandler caucho-request vm
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
BrowserMatch “.*MSIE.*” \
nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
CustomLog “/usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_request_log” \
“%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \”%r\” %b”
这时即可通过http://www.dingl.com/访问了。
Ubuntu 7.10 server从无到有搭建全能WEB生产环境(七)
作为服务器对外提供服务,不能不安装防火墙,这部分为Ubuntu7.10配置iptables。
在网上查看了很多关于Ubuntu下防火墙配置的文章,感觉都很麻烦。
在desktop版下,可以使用firestarter来配置iptables。
在server中也有shorewall工具来配置。
仔细研究了一下iptables的配置,发现都是使用iptables命令来配置规则,同时发现网上有朋友直接使用脚本配置规则。于是,依样画葫芦也搞了个脚本,这样省事,而且与Fedora Core命令行下的配置类似。
创建/etc/init.d/firewall文件:
vi /etc/init.d/firewall
放到/etc/init.d下的原因是方便自动启动。
脚本如下:
#!/bin/bash
# This program is used to use start my iptables.
#History :
# Sat Jun 17 23:22:01 CST 2006 Jerry Second realease
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:~/bin
export PATH
case “$1″ in
start)
echo -n “Staring FireWall … ”
# /sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP
/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp –icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p all -m state –state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p all -m state –state INVALID,NEW -j DROP
echo “OK”
;;
stop)
echo -n “Stop FireWall … ”
/sbin/iptables -F
/sbin/iptables -X
/sbin/iptables -Z
echo “OK”
;;
restart)
/etc/init.d/firewall stop
/etc/init.d/firewall start
echo “Restart FireWall OK”
;;
*)
echo “Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}”
esac
exit 0
如果想新开端口,直接修改start部分即可。
测试firewall是否能正常工作:
/etc/init.d/firewall restart
没有问题。
配置firewall随系统自动启动:
cd /etc/init.d
update-rc.d firewall defaults 01
01表示启动优先级,让系统刚启动时就立即启动防火墙规则,可修改所有的K01为K99,在关机或重启服务器时最后停止防火墙服务。
至此,本系统文章全部完毕。
作为生产环境,以上配置基本足够了,能跑目前流行的各种应用,包括N多的开源或免费的应用,如BBS、CMS、Blog等。
完 ...
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